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1 Fermi, Enrico
[br]b. 29 September 1901 Rome, Italyd. 28 November 1954 Chicago, USA[br]Italian nuclear physicist.[br]Fermi was one of the most versatile of twentieth-century physicists, one of the few to excel in both theory and experiment. His greatest theoretical achievements lay in the field of statistics and his theory of beta decay. His statistics, parallel to but independent of Dirac, were the key to the modern theory of metals and the statistical modds of the atomic nucleus. On the experimental side, his most notable discoveries were artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment and the realization of a controlled nuclear chain reaction, in the world's first nuclear reactor.Fermi received a conventional education with a chemical bias, but reached proficiency in mathematics and physics largely through his own reading. He studied at Pisa University, where he taught himself modern physics and then travelled to extend his knowledge, spending time with Max Born at Göttingen. On his return to Italy, he secured posts in Florence and, in 1927, in Rome, where he obtained the first Italian Chair in Theoretical Physics, a subject in which Italy had so far lagged behind. He helped to bring about a rebirth of physics in Italy and devoted himself to the application of statistics to his model of the atom. For this work, Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938, but in December of that year, finding the Fascist regime uncongenial, he transferred to the USA and Columbia University. The news that nuclear fission had been achieved broke shortly before the Second World War erupted and it stimulated Fermi to consider this a way of generating secondary nuclear emission and the initiation of chain reactions. His experiments in this direction led first to the discovery of slow neutrons.Fermi's work assumed a more practical aspect when he was invited to join the Manhattan Project for the construction of the first atomic bomb. His small-scale work at Columbia became large-scale at Chicago University. This culminated on 2 December 1942 when the first controlled nuclear reaction took place at Stagg Field, Chicago, an historic event indeed. Later, Fermi spent most of the period from September 1944 to early 1945 at Los Alamos, New Mexico, taking part in the preparations for the first test explosion of the atomic bomb on 16 July 1945. President Truman invited Fermi to serve on his Committee to advise him on the use of the bomb. Then Chicago University established an Institute for Nuclear Studies and offered Fermi a professorship, which he took up early in 1946, spending the rest of his relatively short life there.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1938.Bibliography1962–5, Collected Papers, ed. E.Segrè et al., 2 vols, Chicago (includes a biographical introduction and bibliography).Further ReadingL.Fermi, 1954, Atoms in the Family, Chicago (a personal account by his wife).E.Segrè, 1970, Enrico Fermi, Physicist, Chicago (deals with the more scientific aspects of his life).LRD -
2 आदि _ādi
आदि a.1 First, primary, primitive; निदानं त्वादिकारणम् Ak.-2 Chief, first, principal, pre-eminent; oft. at the end of comp. in this sense; see below.-3 First in time existing before.-दीः 1 Beginning, commencement (opp. अन्त); अप एव ससर्जादौ तासु बीजमवासृजत् Ms.1.8; Bg.3.41; अनादि &c.; जगदादिरनादिस्त्वम् Ku.2.9; oft. at the end of comp. and translated by 'beginning with', 'et cætera', 'and others', 'and so on' (of the same nature or kind), 'such like'; इन्द्रादयो देवाः the gods Indra and others (इन्द्रः आदिर्येषां ते); एवमादि this and the like; भ्वादयो धातवः भू and others, or words beginning with भू, are called roots; oft. used by Pāṇini to denote classes or groups of grammatical words; अदादि, दिवादि, स्वादि &c.-2 First part of portion.-3 A firstling, first-fruits.-4 Prime cause.-5 Nearness.-6 One of the seven parts of Sāma; अथ सप्तविधस्य वाचि सप्तविधं सामोपासीत यत्किंच वाचो हुमिति स हिंकारो यत्प्रेति स प्रस्तावो यदेति स आदिः Ch. Up.2.8.1.-Comp. -अन्त a.1 having beginning and end.-2 first and last. (-तम्) beginning and end. -˚यमकम् N. of a figure in poetry. cf. Bk.1.21. ˚वत् having beginning and end, finite. ˚अन्तर्वर्तिन् a. having a beginning, end and middle; being all-in-all.-उदात्त a. having the acute accent on the first syllable.-उपान्तम् ind. from first to last.-करः, -कर्तृ, -कृत् m. the creator, an epithet of Brahmā or Viṣnu; गरीयसे ब्रह्मणो$प्यादिकर्त्रे Bg.11.37; विशेषणे द्वे य इहादिकर्तुर्वदेदधीती स हि कैयटीयः Śab. Kau.-कर्मन् n. the beginning of an action.-कविः 'the first poet', an epi- thet of Brahmā and of Vālmīki; the former is so called because he first produced and promulgated the Vedas; (तेने ब्रह्म हृदा य आदिकवये मुह्यन्ति यत्सूरयः Bhāg.1.1.1.) and the latter, because he was the first to show to others 'the path of poets'; when he beheld one of a pair of Krauñcha birds being killed by a fowler, he cursed the wretch, and his grief unconsciously took the form of a verse (श्लोकत्वमापद्यत यस्य शोकः); he was sub- sequently told by Brahmā to compose the life of Rāma, and he thus gave to the world the first poem in Sanskrit, the Rāmāyaṇa; cf. U.2. Viṣkambhaka.-काण्डम् the first book of the Rāmāyaṇa.-कारणम् the first or primary cause (of the universe), which, according to the Vedāntins, is Brahman; while, according to the Naiyāyikas and particalarly the Vaiśeṣikas, atoms are the first or material cause of the universe, and not God.-2 analysis.-3 algebra.-काव्यम् the first poem; i. e. the Rāmāyaṇa; see आदिकवि.-केशवः N. of Viṣṇu.-जिनः N. of Ṛiṣabha, the first तीर्थंकर.-तालः a sort of musical time or ताल; एक एव लघुर्यत्र आदितालः स कथ्यते.-दीपकम् N. of a figure in rhetoric (the verb standing at the beginning of the sentence). cf. Bk.1.23.-देवः 1 the first or Supreme God; पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यं आदिदेव- मजं विभुम् Bg.1.12,11.38.-2 Nārāyaṇa or Viṣṇu.-3 Śiva.-4 Brahmā; Mb.12.188.2.-5 the sun.-दैत्यः an epithet of Hiraṇyakaśipu.-नाथः N. of Ādibuddha.-पर्वन् n. 'the first section or chapter', N. of the first book of the Mahābhārata.-पुराणम् the first Purāṇa, N. of the Brahma-Purāṇa. N. of a Jaina religious book.-पु (पू) रुषः 1 the first or primeval being, the lord of the creation.-2 Viṣṇu, Kṛiṣṇa, or Nārāyaṇa; ते च प्रापुरुदन्वन्तं बुबुधे चादिपूरुषः R.1.6; तमर्घ्यमर्घ्यादिकयादिपूरुषः Śi.1.14.-बलम् genera- tive power; first vigour.-बुद्ध a. perceived in the beginning. (-द्धः) the primitive Buddha.-भव, -भूत a. produced at first.(-वः, -तः) 1 'the first-born', primeval being, an epithet of Brahmā; इत्युक्त्वादिभवो देवः Bhāg.7.3.22.-2 also N. of Viṣṇu; रसातलादादि. भवेन पुंसा R.13.8.-3 an elder brother. (-तम्) minute five elements (पञ्चमहाभूतानि); नष्टे लोके द्विपरार्धावसाने महा- भूतेष्वादिभूतं गतेषु Bhāg.1.3.25.-मूलम् first founda- tion, primeval cause.-योगाचार्यः 'the first teacher of devotion', an epithet of Śiva.-रसः the first of he 8 Rasas, i. e. शृङ्गार or love.-राजः the first king पृथु; an epithet of Manu.-रूपम् Symptom (of disease).-वंशः primeval race, primitive family.-वराहः 'the first boar', an epithet of Visṇu, alluding to his third or boar-incarnation.-विद्वस् m. the first learned man; कपिल.-विपुला f. N. of an Āryā metre.-वृक्षः N. of a plant (Mar. आपटा).-शक्तिः f.1 the power of माया or illusion.-2 an epithet of Durgā.-शरीरम् 1. the primitive body.-2 ignorance.-3 the subtle body.-सर्गः the first creation. -
3 полихлорированный бифенил
полихлорированный бифенил
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
polychlorinated biphenyl
PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
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4 polychlorobiphényle
полихлорированный бифенил
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
polychlorinated biphenyl
PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > polychlorobiphényle
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5 Polychlorbiphenyl
полихлорированный бифенил
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
polychlorinated biphenyl
PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Polychlorbiphenyl
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6 полихлорированный бифенил
полихлорированный бифенил
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
polychlorinated biphenyl
PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > полихлорированный бифенил
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7 полихлорированный бифенил
полихлорированный бифенил
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
polychlorinated biphenyl
PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > полихлорированный бифенил
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8 polychlorinated biphenyl
полихлорированный бифенил
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
polychlorinated biphenyl
PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > polychlorinated biphenyl
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9 be off base
амер.; разг.ошибаться, заблуждаться [этим. спорт. (бейсбол)]‘You still think I'm way off base?’ ‘It's the old story: I'm with you but I think you're making a mistake.’ (E. O'Connor. ‘All in the Family’, ch. XIII) — - Ты все еще думаешь, что я на неправильном пути? - Ты опять о том же. Я ведь на твоей стороне, но считаю, что ты делаешь ошибку.
The important thing was that the various estimates checked with one another... I couldn't be far off base. (R. E. Lapp, ‘Atoms and People’, ch. V) — Но важно было другое, а именно то, что результаты различных самостоятельных расчетов совпадали... Не могло быть сомнения в том, что я был близок к истине.
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10 Nylon
Nylon was first made in the laboratories of E.I. du Pont de Nemours, of Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A., under the direction of the late Dr. W. H. Carothers as a result of researches started 1928. In October, 1938, it -was announced to the world that a new form of textile fibre had been made by man, and that " nylon " was to be its name. Nylon stockings were on sale to the general public in U.S.A. on May 15, 1940, and many other items of wearing apparel were shown at the New York Pair that summer. In Great Britain, plans made jointly before the war by Courtaulds and Imperial Chemical Industries were responsible for production being started in 1941 by British Nylon Spinners Limited. The " 66 " polymer (each molecule of these reagents contains 6 carbon atoms and hence the name or designation " 66 ") was first made in 1935. Nylon is a name, not for a single material, but for a whole class or family of entirely new materials. There are many nylons and there may be many more. Nylon is the generic or family name for them all, just as glass and coal are names of classes of substances. Nylon, in the general sense, is a man-made material having a chemical composition akin to proteins, of which silk, hair and wool are examples, although nylon has not an exact counterpart in nature. It is not an " artificial " product, nor a man-made copy of a natural material. It can be made up into powders, sheets, solutions, strands or yarns, each with special properties according to requirements. The " 66 " polymer, from which yam is made, was synthesised in 1933, although not announced to the world until October, 1938. The raw material from which the diamine and acid for making " 66 " polymer are obtained are phenol from coal, oxygen and nitrogen from the air, and hydrogen from water. Particularly suitable where high elasticity is required. Uses include parachute fabrics, tyre cords, glider tow ropes, shoe laces webbing, braid, tape and thread, fully-fashioned hosiery, seamless hosiery, underwear fabrics, lace, nets, dress fabrics, marquisettes, neckties, transparent velvet, coated fabrics for raincoats and food covers. Industrial uses include shoe fabrics, sash cords, window screens, filters and bolting fabrics, also slip covers, motor car upholstery, shirtings, tents and shower curtains. -
11 wią|zać
impf (wiążę) Ⅰ vt 1. (tworzyć węzeł) to tie- wiązać chustkę na głowie/szyi to tie a scarf on one’s head/around one’s neck- wiązać kokardę/krawat/sznurowadła/zerwaną nić to tie a bow/one’s (neck)tie/one’s shoelaces/a broken thread2. (splatać) to bind, to tie- wiązać matę/tratwę to bind a mat/raft- wiązać sieć to tie a net3. (pakować) to tie- wiązać książki w paczki to tie books up into parcels- wiązać rzodkiewki w pęczki to tie radishes into bunches- wiązać snopek to tie a sheaf4. (krępować) to tie up- wiązać jeńców to tie up a. bind captives- wiązać komuś nogi/ręce to tie (up) a. bind sb’s feet/hands- wiązać konia u żłobu to tether a horse to a manger ⇒ związać5. przen. (łączyć) to bind- wiąże ich miłość/przyjaźń love/friendship binds them- przeżycia wiążą ludzi ze sobą experiences bring people together- wiążą ich więzy rodzinne they’re bound by family ties ⇒ związać6. przen. (łączyć) to combine- wiązać pracę zawodową z działalnością społeczną to combine one’s professional work and a. with social work- wiązać wiedzę z praktyką to combine knowledge and a. with experience7. przen. (kojarzyć) to associate- wiązać artystę z jakimś kierunkiem/epoką to associate an artist with a trend/epoch- wiązać ocieplenie klimatu ze wzrostem uprzemysłowienia to associate global warming with increasing industrialization ⇒ powiązać8. (łączyć komunikacyjnie) to connect, to link- linia kolejowa wiąże port ze stolicą a railway connects a. links the harbour with the capital city9 Wojsk. wiązać siły wroga to tie the enemy’s forces down 10 przen. (zobowiązać) to bind- wiązać kogoś przysięgą/przepisami to bind sb by an oath/regulations- decyzja/umowa wiążąca a binding decision/agreement11 Budow. (zespalać) to bond, to join- belka wiążąca szczyt dachu a ridge purlin- kit wiąże szybę z ramą putty bonds the glass to the frame- wapno/zaprawa wiąże cegły lime/mortar bonds bricks ⇒ związać12 (tężeć) to set- cement szybko wiąże cement sets quickly ⇒ związać13 Bot. to form- drzewa/rośliny wiążą pączki trees/plants form buds- kapusta/sałata wiąże główki cabbage/lettuce forms heads ⇒ zawiązać14 Chem., Fiz. to fix, to bind- bakterie wiążące azot z powietrza bacteria binding a. fixing nitrogen from the air- hemoglobina wiąże tlen haemoglobin binds oxygen- substancja wiążąca dwutlenek węgla a substance binding carbon dioxide ⇒ związaćⅡ wiązać się 1. (przymocowywać się) to tie oneself- przed wspinaczką wiązali się liną before climbing they tied themselves to a rope ⇒ zawiązać się2. (przyłączać się) to be bound- wiązać się z jakąś organizacją/partią to join an organization/a party- wiązać się z kimś uczuciowo to became involved emotionally with sb- wiązać się na stałe z jakimś miejscem pracy to be permanently bound to the same workplace ⇒ związać się3. (łączyć się) to form, to make up- wiązać się w harmonijną całość to make up a. form a harmonious whole- wyrazy wiążą się w zdanie words combine into a. make up a sentence ⇒ związać się4. (pociągać za sobą) to involve; (zależeć) to depend- ta wyprawa wiąże się z ryzykiem this expedition involves risk- z budową domu wiążą się wydatki building a house involves expenses- poranne nudności wiążą się z ciążą morning sickness is caused by pregnancy ⇒ związać się5. (zobowiązywać się) to bind oneself- wiązać się przymierzem/traktatem/umową to bind oneself by alliance/a treaty/an agreement ⇒ związać się6. (łączyć się w grupy) to form- wiązać się w organizację społeczną/w partię polityczną to form an organization/a political party7. Bot. to form- kapusta/sałata wiąże się w główki cabbage/lettuce forms heads- na jabłoniach wiążą się owoce apple trees form fruits ⇒ zawiązać się8. Chem., Fiz. to bind- atomy węgla wiążą się z tlenem carbon atoms bind to a. with oxygen ⇒ związać się■ wiązać komuś/sobie ręce to tie sb’s/one’s hands- wiązać z czymś/kimś nadzieje pot. to pin a. to put one’s hope on sth/sb, to place one’s hope in sth/sbThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wią|zać
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12 all in all
1. n phr1) предмет любви, обожания; предмет увлечения; всё для кого-л. [этим. библ. 2 Corinthians XV, 28]I was all in all then to him, or would he have given up his fortune, his family, as he nobly did to make me happy? (W. Thackeray, ‘Vanity Fair’, ch. XXXI) — Я была тогда всем для него; иначе разве он отказался бы от состояния и от семьи, чтобы своим великодушным поступком сделать меня счастливой?
I wouldn't expect to be all in all to one man, unless he wanted me to be. (Th. Dreiser, ‘Jennie Gerhardt’, ch. XLV) — Я вовсе не считаю, что должна быть для тебя единственной женщиной, если ты сам этого не хочешь.
Painting became his all in all. (RHD) — Живопись стала смыслом его жизни.
2) решающий фактор, всё (в каком-л. деле)Acres: "Dress does make a difference, David." David: "'tis all in all, I think." (R. Sheridan, ‘The Rivals’, act III, sc. 2) — Эйкрс: "Одежда имеет большое значение, Дэвид." Дэвид: "Я думаю, даже решающее."
2. adv phrMany a friendly game had netted him a hundred dollars or more at the time when that sum was merely sauce to the dish of the game - not the all in all. (Th. Dreiser, ‘Sister Carrie’, ch. XXXVI) — Случалось, что Герствуд в кругу друзей выигрывал сотню долларов, а то и больше, В те времена, однако, такая сумма была лишь чем-то вроде острой приправы к самой игре, ибо не в выигрыше было дело.
1) полностью, целикомAnd trust me not at all or all in all. (A. Tennyson, ‘Selected Poems’, ‘Vivien’) — Или совсем не доверяйте мне, иль доверяйте полностью.
2) в целом, в общем, в основном; с учётом всего, принимая всё во вниманиеHamlet: "He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again." (W. Shakespeare, ‘Hamlet’, act I, sc. 2) — Гамлет: "...Он человек был, человек во всем; Ему подобных мне уже не встретить" (перевод М. Лозинского)
Taking him all in all, I suppose Balzac is the greatest novelist who ever lived. (W. S. Maugham, ‘Books and You’, ch. II) — В целом Бальзак представляется мне величайшим из писателей.
All in all about three hundred million dollars have been spent on development of the new aircraft. (R. E. Lapp, ‘Atoms and People’, ch. XI) — Всего на разработку нового типа самолета израсходовано было около 300 миллионов долларов.
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13 program
1. nto administer a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу
to apply a program — использовать / применять программу
to approve a program — утверждать / одобрять программу
to carry out a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу
to contribute to a program — способствовать выполнению программы; вносить вклад в программу
to expand / to extend a program — расширять программу
to lay out a program — излагать / намечать программу
to map out a program — намечать / составлять программу
to outline a program — излагать / намечать программу
to profess a program — придерживаться программы; отстаивать программу
to set out a program — излагать / намечать программу
to slash a program — урезать ассигнования на какую-л. программу
to unfreeze one's nuclear program — размораживать свою ядерную программу
- action-oriented programto water down one's program — ослаблять свою программу
- activated program
- ad hoc program
- advanced technical training programs
- aerospace program
- agrarian program
- agrarian reform program
- aid program
- all-embracing program
- alternative program
- ambitious program
- anti-inflation program
- anti-marine pollution programs
- armament program
- assistance program
- atomic energy program
- atoms-for-peace program
- austerity program
- ballot-counting program
- bilateral program
- black programs
- broad program
- broad-ranging program
- budget program
- categorical assistance program
- civil nuclear program
- civil nuclear-power program
- clear-cut program
- coherent program
- component program
- comprehensive program
- compromise program
- concerted program
- concrete program
- consolidated program
- constructive program
- coordinator of a program
- country programs
- crash program
- daily program of sittings
- detailed program
- development program
- diminution in a program
- disarmament program
- disease control programs
- domestic assaults on a program
- dormant program
- draft program
- economic development program
- economic recovery program
- economic reform program
- election program
- energy program
- established program
- European Recovery Program
- execution of a program
- expanded program
- export promotion program
- family planning program
- famine relief program
- feasible program
- feed-back program
- fellowship program
- field programs
- fiscal program
- flight program
- follow-on program
- follow-up program
- food program
- foreign policy program
- general democratic program
- global program
- government program
- halt to the program
- health program
- home-policy program
- housing program
- implementation of a program
- industrial development program
- innovative program
- in-plant training program
- integrated program
- interdisciplinary program of research
- intergovernmental program
- investment promotion program
- job-training program
- joint program
- land reform program
- large-scale program
- live program
- long-range program
- long-term program
- major program
- manned program
- marine program
- massive program
- maximum program
- medium-term programs
- militant program
- military-political program
- military-space programs
- minimum program
- modernization program
- monitoring and evaluating programs
- multilateral aid program
- national program
- nation-wide program
- natural resources development program
- negotiating program
- nondefense program
- non-nuclear defense program
- nuclear program
- nuclear test program
- nuclear-power program
- nuclear-weapons program
- operational program
- optional program
- party program
- Peace Program
- peaceful program
- performance of a program
- phased program
- pilot program
- political program
- population program
- power program
- price support program
- priority program
- privatization program
- production program
- program aimed at smth
- program for economic cooperation
- program for peace and international cooperation
- program has begun its most difficult period
- program has raised objections
- program of action
- program of activities
- program of consolidation
- program of general and complete disarmament
- program of gradual change
- program of measures
- program of militarization
- program of national rebirth
- program of research
- program of revival
- program of work
- promotion program
- public investment program
- public program
- reconstruction program
- recovery program
- reform program
- regional program
- regular program
- rehabilitation program
- research program
- resettlement program
- restructured program
- retraining program
- revised program
- revision of a program
- rural development program
- safeguards program
- safety standards program
- scientific program
- social program
- social welfare program
- sound program
- space exploration program
- space program
- special-purpose program
- Star Wars program
- Strategic Defense Initiative Program
- study program
- systematic assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impact of a program
- target program
- technical aid program
- terrorism reward program
- tough program
- training program
- unconstructive program
- under the program
- unemployment insurance program
- UNEP
- United Nations Environment Program
- utopian program
- vast program
- viable program
- war program
- wasteful program
- welfare program
- well-balanced program
- well-planned program
- well-thought-out program
- wide-ranging program
- work program
- world food program
- youth exchange program 2. vсоставлять программу, разрабатывать программу; программировать
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